Journal: BioMed Research International

Article Title: A De- O -acylated Lipooligosaccharide-Based Adjuvant System Promotes Antibody and Th1-Type Immune Responses to H1N1 Pandemic Influenza Vaccine in Mice

doi: 10.1155/2016/3713656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Th1-type-predominant immune response to CIA06-adjuvanted influenza vaccine. Splenocytes were isolated from the mice that had been immunized as described in and cultured for 72 h in the absence (■) or presence of Greenflu-S (■). The levels of IFN- γ (a) and IL-5 (b) in the culture media were determined by sandwich ELISA, and IFN- γ : IL-5 ratios were calculated for each group (c). Statistical differences were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Results are expressed as the means ± SD of values obtained from triplicate cultures that used two spleens each. Data shown are representative of three independent experiments. ∗ P < 0.05; ∗∗ P < 0.01; and ∗∗∗ P < 0.001. NS, not significant.

Article Snippet: Recombinant mouse IL-2 was acquired from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA), and IFN- γ and IL-5 cytokine ELISA kits were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA, USA) and R&D Systems.

Techniques: Isolation, Cell Culture, Sandwich ELISA, Comparison

Journal: BioMed Research International

Article Title: A De- O -acylated Lipooligosaccharide-Based Adjuvant System Promotes Antibody and Th1-Type Immune Responses to H1N1 Pandemic Influenza Vaccine in Mice

doi: 10.1155/2016/3713656

Figure Lengend Snippet: CIA06-adjuvanted influenza vaccine stimulates both CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses. Splenocytes were isolated from the mice ( n = 6) that had been immunized twice at a 3-week interval with nonadjuvanted or adjuvanted Greenflu-S (0.2 μ g) and stimulated with the vaccine for 72 h in the absence or presence of anti-CD4 and/or anti-CD8 antibodies. IFN- γ levels in the culture media were determined by sandwich ELISA. Statistical differences were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Results are expressed as the means ± SD of values obtained from triplicate cultures that used two spleens each. Data shown are representative of three independent experiments. ∗ P < 0.05; ∗∗ P < 0.01; and ∗∗∗ P < 0.001. NS, not significant.

Article Snippet: Recombinant mouse IL-2 was acquired from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA), and IFN- γ and IL-5 cytokine ELISA kits were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA, USA) and R&D Systems.

Techniques: Isolation, Sandwich ELISA, Comparison

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Interleukin-31 expression and relation to disease severity in human asthma

doi: 10.1038/srep22835

Figure Lengend Snippet: The levels of serum IL-31 were assessed in patients with asthma (n = 44) and controls (n = 22) as measured by ELISA. ( A ) Serum IL-31 was increased in patients with asthma compared with the controls; ( B ) When patients were stratified according to the status of atopy, the serum IL-31 levels in patients with allergic asthma (n = 23) were higher than those in patients with nonallergic asthma (n = 21) and controls; ( C ) Serum IL-31 was increased in severe asthma patients (n = 22) compared with mild asthma patients (n = 22) and controls; ( D ) Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for distinguishing patients with asthma from the controls. The area under the ROC curve was 0.791 (95% CI: 0.66 to 0.86). Data are presented as median with interquartile range. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The levels of IL-31, IL-5, IL-13 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were assessed by ELISA, using ELISA Kits for the assay of human IL-31, IL-5, IL-13 and TSLP (Uscn Life Science Inc. Wuhan) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Interleukin-31 expression and relation to disease severity in human asthma

doi: 10.1038/srep22835

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) BALF samples were measured by ELISA and the BALF IL-31 levels in patients with asthma (n = 9) were significantly increased compared with the controls (n = 5); ( B ) Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed the serum IL-31 levels correlated positively with BALF IL-31 levels ( r = 0.63; p = 0.016). Data are presented as median with interquartile range. **p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: The levels of IL-31, IL-5, IL-13 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were assessed by ELISA, using ELISA Kits for the assay of human IL-31, IL-5, IL-13 and TSLP (Uscn Life Science Inc. Wuhan) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Interleukin-31 expression and relation to disease severity in human asthma

doi: 10.1038/srep22835

Figure Lengend Snippet: The classical Th2 cytokines such as IL-5, IL-13 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were further measured by ELISA. The levels of serum IL-5, IL-13 and TSLP were significantly higher in patients with asthma (n = 44) compared with control subjects (n = 22) ( A–C ). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the serum IL-31 levels and the serum IL-5 levels ( r = 0.34, p = 0.024), the serum IL-13 levels ( r = 0.43, p = 0.003), the serum TSLP levels ( r = 0.42, p = 0.004) ( D–F ). Data are presented as median with interquartile range. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The levels of IL-31, IL-5, IL-13 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were assessed by ELISA, using ELISA Kits for the assay of human IL-31, IL-5, IL-13 and TSLP (Uscn Life Science Inc. Wuhan) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control